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In the Cambridge Structural Database of small-molecule structures, more than 95% of the 500,000+ crystals have an R-factor lower than 0.15, and 9.5% have an R-factor lower than 0.03. Crystallographers also use the Free R-Factor ( R F r e e {\displaystyle R_{Free}} ) [ 3 ] to assess possible overmodeling of the data.
In statistical process control (SPC), the ¯ and R chart is a type of scheme, popularly known as control chart, used to monitor the mean and range of a normally distributed variables simultaneously, when samples are collected at regular intervals from a business or industrial process. [1]
R-factors have been known to contain up to ten resistance genes. They can also spread easily as they contain genes for constructing pili, which allow them to transfer the R-factor to other bacteria. [13] R-factors have contributed to the growing antibiotic resistance crisis because they quickly spread resistance genes among bacteria. [14]
Factor loadings Communality is the square of the standardized outer loading of an item. Analogous to Pearson's r-squared, the squared factor loading is the percent of variance in that indicator variable explained by the factor.
The response factor can be expressed on a molar, volume or mass [1] basis. Where the true amount of sample and standard are equal: = where A is the signal (e.g. peak area) and the subscript i indicates the sample and the subscript st indicates the standard. [2]
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9] The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data. R software is open-source and free software.
In the first example provided above, the sex of the patient would be a nuisance variable. For example, consider if the drug was a diet pill and the researchers wanted to test the effect of the diet pills on weight loss. The explanatory variable is the diet pill and the response variable is the amount of weight loss.
ANOVA Gage R&R is an important tool within the Six Sigma methodology, and it is also a requirement for a production part approval process (PPAP) documentation package. [3] Examples of Gage R&R studies can be found in part 1 of Czitrom & Spagon. [4]