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Isometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angle between any two of them is 120 degrees.
Although the concept of an isometric had existed in a rough way for centuries, William Farish is generally regarded as the first to provide rules for isometric drawing. [13] In the 1822 paper "On Isometrical Perspective" Farish recognized the "need for accurate technical working drawings free of optical distortion.
In isometric projection, the most commonly used form of axonometric projection in engineering drawing, [4] the direction of viewing is such that the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened, and there is a common angle of 120° between them. As the distortion caused by foreshortening is uniform, the proportionality between lengths is ...
In this isometric drawing, the blue sphere is two units higher than the red one. However, this difference in elevation is not apparent if one covers the right half of the picture, as the boxes (which serve as clues suggesting height) are then obscured. This visual ambiguity has been exploited in op art, as well as "impossible object" drawings ...
Figures drawn in a way that avoids depth cues may become ambiguous. Classic examples of this phenomenon are the Necker cube, [6] and the rhombille tiling (viewed as an isometric drawing of cubes). To go further than just perceiving the object is to recognize the object.
Isometric process, a thermodynamic process at constant volume (also isovolumetric) Isometric projection (or "isometric perspective"), a method for drawing three-dimensional objects on flat paper so that a cubical grid is projected onto an equilateral triangle grid and distances aligned with the axes are depicted at uniform scale.
Descriptive geometry is the branch of geometry which allows the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions by using a specific set of procedures. The resulting techniques are important for engineering, architecture, design and in art. [1]
A global isometry, isometric isomorphism or congruence mapping is a bijective isometry. Like any other bijection, a global isometry has a function inverse. The inverse of a global isometry is also a global isometry. Two metric spaces X and Y are called isometric if there is a bijective isometry from X to Y.