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The origin of the current rate schedules is the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), [2] [3] which is separately published as Title 26 of the United States Code. [4] With that law, the U.S. Congress created four types of rate tables, all of which are based on a taxpayer's filing status (e.g., "married individuals filing joint returns," "heads of households").
Revenue rulings are different from Revenue Procedures.A revenue procedure is an official statement of a procedure that affects the rights or duties of taxpayers under the law, while a revenue ruling is the conclusion of the IRS on how the law is applied to a specific set of facts.
The text of the Internal Revenue Code as published in title 26 of the U.S. Code is virtually identical to the Internal Revenue Code as published in the various volumes of the United States Statutes at Large. [3] Of the 50 enacted titles, the Internal Revenue Code is the only volume that has been published in the form of a separate code.
George S. Boutwell was the first Commissioner of Internal Revenue under President Abraham Lincoln.. In July 1862, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln and Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1862, creating the office of commissioner of internal revenue and enacting a temporary income tax to pay war expenses.
The IRS Internal Revenue Manual is the official source of instructions to IRS personnel relating to the organization, administration and operation of the IRS. The IRM contains directions IRS employees need to carry out their responsibilities in administering IRS obligations, such as detailed procedures for processing and examining tax returns.
As of the 2018 tax year, Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, is the only form used for personal (individual) federal income tax returns filed with the IRS. In prior years, it had been one of three forms (1040 [the "Long Form"], 1040A [the "Short Form"] and 1040EZ – see below for explanations of each) used for such returns.
According to the IRS, the top 1% of income earners for 2008 paid 38% of income tax revenue, while earning 20% of the income reported. [114] The top 5% of income earners paid 59% of the total income tax revenue, while earning 35% of the income reported. [114] The top 10% paid 70%, earning 46% and the top 25% paid 86%, earning 67%.
Section 7805 of the Internal Revenue Code gives the United States Secretary of the Treasury the power to create the necessary rules and regulations for enforcing the Internal Revenue Code. [2] These regulations, including but not limited to the "Income Tax Regulations," are located in Title 26 of the Code of Federal Regulations, or "C.F.R ...