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In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred. [1] RA differs from a similar condition called anterograde amnesia (AA), which is the inability to form new memories following injury or disease onset. [ 2 ]
There are two main types of amnesia: Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an accident or operation. [3] In some cases, the memory loss can extend back decades, while in other cases, people may lose only a few months of memory.
Individuals with retrograde amnesia may partially regain memory later, but memories are not regained with anterograde amnesia because they were not encoded properly. [ 8 ] The term "post-traumatic amnesia" was first used in 1940 in a paper by Symonds to refer to the period between the injury and the return of full, continuous memory, including ...
He was the first well-documented case of severe anterograde amnesia, and was studied [1] until his death in 2008. [26] A similar case involved Clive Wearing, an accomplished musicologist who contracted a cold sore virus that attacked his brain, causing herpes simplex encephalitis. As a result, Wearing developed both anterograde and retrograde ...
Amnesia is an abnormal mental state in which memory and learning are affected out of all proportion to other cognitive functions in an otherwise alert and responsive patient. [5] There are two forms of amnesia: Anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia, that show hippocampal or medial temporal lobe damage.
Retrograde amnesia is defined as the loss of memory of events and experiences occurring prior to an illness, accident, injury, or traumatic experience such as rape or assault. The amnesia may cover events over a longer or only a brief period. Typically, it declines with time, with earlier memories returning first. [9]
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Dissociative amnesia or psychogenic amnesia is a dissociative disorder "characterized by retrospectively reported memory gaps. These gaps involve an inability to recall personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature."