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The reaction catalyzed by CA1 is the same as other carbonic anhydrase family proteins: + (in tissues - high CO 2 concentration) [9]. The CA1-catalyzed reaction has a relatively low reaction affinity (Km) of 4.0 mM for CO 2, [7] [10] turnover number (Kcat) of 2 × 10 5 s −1, and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of 5 × 10 7 M −1 s −1 comparing to other isozymes of the α-CA family of ...
The Ca 2+ concentration of the vacuole may reach millimolar levels. The most striking use of Ca 2+ ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, which use Ca 2+ to form the calcium carbonate plates, with which they are covered. Calcium is needed to form the pectin in the middle lamella of newly formed cells.
Ca v 1.2 Ca v 1.3 Ca v 1.4 : α 2 δ, β, γ: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes** (responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac cell; also termed DHP receptors), dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurons N-type calcium channel ("Neural"/"Non-L") HVA (high-voltage-activated) Ca v 2.2 : α ...
Natural calcium is a mixture of five stable isotopes (40 Ca, 42 Ca, 43 Ca, 44 Ca, and 46 Ca) and one isotope with a half-life so long that it is for all practical purposes stable (48 Ca, with a half-life of about 4.3 × 10 19 years). Calcium is the first (lightest) element to have six naturally occurring isotopes. [14]
Calcium regulation in the human body. [6]The plasma ionized calcium concentration is regulated within narrow limits (1.3–1.5 mmol/L). This is achieved by both the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, and the parathyroid glands constantly sensing (i.e. measuring) the concentration of calcium ions in the blood flowing through them.
The best-characterized ligand for the three selectins is P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 , which is a mucin-type glycoprotein expressed on all white blood cells. Selectins have been implicated in several roles but they are especially important in the immune system by helping white blood cell homing and trafficking.
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 also known as large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1 (K Ca 1.1), or BK channel alpha subunit, [5] is a voltage gated potassium channel encoded by the KCNMA1 gene and characterized by their large conductance of potassium ions (K+) through cell membranes.
A number of prokaryotic K Ca channels have been described, both structurally and functionally. All are either gated by calcium or other ligands and are homologous to the human K Ca channels, in particular the K Ca 1.1 gating ring. These structures have served as templates for ligand gating.