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Narmer probably did not establish Egypt's initial influence in Canaan by a military invasion, but a military campaign by Narmer to re-assert Egyptian authority, or to increase its sphere of influence in the region, is certainly plausible.
During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies on the Delta and merged both the Kingdom of Upper and Lower Egypt under his single rule. [5] Narmer is shown on palettes wearing the double crown , composed of the lotus flower representing Upper Egypt and the papyrus reed representing Lower Egypt - a sign of the unified rule of ...
Information about this dynasty is derived from a few monuments and other objects bearing royal names, the most important being the Narmer Palette and Narmer Macehead, as well as Den and Qa'a king lists. [5] [6] [7] No detailed records of the first two dynasties have survived, except for the terse lists on the Palermo Stone.
Serekhs bearing the rebus symbols n'r (catfish) and mr (chisel) inside, being the phonetic representation of Narmer's name [16]. The Narmer Palette is a 63-centimetre-tall (25 in) by 42-centimetre-wide (17 in), shield-shaped, ceremonial palette, carved from a single piece of flat, soft dark gray-green greywacke. [14]
A unified kingdom was formed in 3150 BC by King Menes, leading to a series of dynasties that ruled Egypt for the next three millennia. Egyptian culture flourished during this long period and remained distinctively Egyptian in its religion, arts, language and customs. The Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza, built during the Old Kingdom.
Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette, the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown on one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands. [4]
Menes (fl. c. 3200–3000 BC; [1] / ˈ m eɪ n eɪ z /; Ancient Egyptian: mnj, probably pronounced * /maˈnij/; [6] Ancient Greek: Μήνης [5] and Μήν [7]) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the First Dynasty.
King Narmer (right) followed by his sandal-bearer. Detail from the Narmer Palette, Cairo Egyptian Museum. A sandal-bearer is a person who bears the sandals of his superior.The role existed in various cultures and epochs, being first documented in Egypt's Early Dynastic Period (c. 31st century BC).