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The sciatic nerve comprises nerve roots L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3 in the spine. [26] These nerve roots merge in the pelvic cavity to form the sacral plexus and the sciatic nerve branches from that. Sciatica symptoms can occur when there is pathology anywhere along the course of these nerves. [27]
In the lumbar spine it is commonly used to treat spinal claudication caused by spinal stenosis, and is considered the most effective treatment for this condition based on current evidence. [3] In the cervical and thoracic spine it is used to treat myelopathy caused by compression of the spinal cord itself.
A laminectomy performed as a minimal spinal surgery procedure is a tissue-preserving surgery that leaves more of the muscle intact and spares the spinal process. Another procedure, called the laminotomy, is the removal of a mid-portion of one lamina and may be done either with a conventional open technique or in a minimalistic fashion with the ...
Spinal stenosis began to be recognized as an impairing condition in the 1950s and 1970s. Individuals who experience back pain and other symptoms are likely to have bigger spinal canals than those who are asymptomatic. [45] A normal-sized lumbar canal is rarely encountered in persons with either disc disease or those requiring a laminectomy. [31]
The second frequent cause of sciatica is lumbar spinal stenosis. This is a degenerative condition that leads to a "narrowing of the openings where the spinal nerves are," Delaney says.
The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica. Lumbar disc herniation occurs 15 times more often than cervical (neck) disc herniation, and it is one of the most common causes of low back pain.
Sciatic nerve palsy can also result from severe spinal stenosis following the procedure, which can be addressed by spinal decompression surgery. [ 7 ] [ 9 ] It is unclear if inversion therapy is able to decompress the sacral vertebrae; it may only work on the lumbar aspects of the sciatic nerves.
1764: Domenico Cotugno describes sciatica as a disease of nervous origin. [89] 1881: Lasegue's sign is described for the diagnosis of sciatica. [90] 1916: Tardy nerve palsy is described in ulnar nerve. [91] 1934: Theory that a spinal disc pressing on the spinal cord can cause sciatica is introduced. [92] 1947: Piriformis syndrome is described. [93]