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With the formula below, freezing-point depression can be used to measure the degree of dissociation or the molar mass of the solute. This kind of measurement is called cryoscopy ( Greek cryo = cold, scopos = observe; "observe the cold" [ 7 ] ) and relies on exact measurement of the freezing point.
The term "cryoscopy" means "freezing measurement" in Greek. Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so ΔT depends only on the number of solute particles dissolved, not the nature of those particles. Cryoscopy is related to ebullioscopy, which determines the same value from the ebullioscopic constant (of boiling point elevation).
Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] ... Freezing-point depression; Boiling-point elevation; References
A formula to compute the ebullioscopic constant is: [2] ... (of freezing point depression). This property of elevation of boiling point is a colligative property.
Freezing point depression and boiling point elevation In chemistry , colligative properties are those properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent particles in a solution, and not on the nature of the chemical species present. [ 1 ]
Thorium nitrate dissolved in water lowers it freezing point. The maximum freezing point depression is −37 °C with a concentration of 2.9 mol/kg. [9] At 25° a saturated solution of thorium nitrate contains 4.013 moles per liter.
The freezing point depression osmometer is an osmometer that is used in determining a solution's osmotic concentration as its osmotically active aspects depress its freezing point. In the past, freezing point osmometry has been used to assess the osmotic strength of colloids and solutions. The osmometer uses the solution's freezing point ...
The extent of freezing point depression observed in DESs is well illustrated by a mixture of choline chloride and urea in a 1:2 mole ratio. Choline chloride and urea are both solids at room temperature with melting points of 302 °C (decomposition point) and 133 °C respectively, yet the combination of the two in a 1:2 molar ratio forms a ...