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Creatine use may lead to certain side effects. However, these are relatively minor. And decades of research have demonstrated that creatine monohydrate is safe to use for most people.
Supplementation of creatine increases skeletal muscle creatine levels, this boosts performance by increasing the rate at which adenosine triphosphate can be replenished from adenosine diphosphate, thereby increasing maximal power output. [24] Potential side effects include gastrointestinal cramps, weight gain, fatigue, and diarrhea. [26]
Creatine is a naturally occurring non-protein compound and the primary constituent of phosphocreatine, which is used to regenerate ATP within the cell. 95% of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, testes, and other tissues.
Scientific studies have shown that creatine supplementation can increase the consumer's strength, [23] energy during performance, [24] muscle mass, and recovery times after exercise. In addition, recent studies have also shown that creatine improves brain function. [25] and reduces mental fatigue. [26]
Regarding creatine side effects. It's important to know what the true side effects are. People who use creatine may be taking other drugs or supplements that might be causing some of the side effects that are purported to be from creatine. For example, a high number of creatine users are bodybuilders who also take steroids.
May slow clotting; contraindicated for people with bleeding disorders and before and after surgery. May induce uterine contractions; contraindicated when pregnant or nursing. [21] Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (contained in comfrey, borage, senecio, coltsfoot, and others) Liver damage [5] Reserpine: Rauvolfia serpentina
Creatinine (/ k r i ˈ æ t ɪ n ɪ n,-ˌ n iː n /; from Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas) 'flesh') is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). [3] [4]
In 1982, Dan Duchaine formulated the first pre-workout, called Ultimate Orange, in Venice, California. Ultimate Orange was commonly used among bodybuilders. [4]Between the late 1990s and early 2000s, consumers alleged that an active ingredient in Ultimate Orange, called Ephedra, caused high blood pressure, strokes, seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, and heart attacks.