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The term "interstitial cystitis" was coined by Dr. Alexander Skene in 1887 to describe the disease. [13] In 2002, the United States amended the Social Security Act to include interstitial cystitis as a disability. The first guideline for diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis is released by a Japanese research team in 2009. [71]
The drug Elmiron helps, for some patients, to prevent the formation of Hunner's ulcers by coating the bladder wall, thus making it harder for the acid in urine to irritate the bladder wall lining, which can lead to ulceration. Elmiron is a controversial medication within the interstitial cystitis community, with its efficacy questioned by many.
In 2007, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) began using the umbrella term urologic chronic pelvic pain syndromes , for research purposes, to refer to pain syndromes associated with the bladder (i.e. interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, IC/PBS) and the prostate gland (i.e. chronic prostatitis ...
When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as a kidney infection (pyelonephritis). [9] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination , frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder ...
In relation to interstitial cystitis, when noxious stimuli are present, it causes injury to the bladder mucosa resulting in recruitment of inflammatory cells. [3] Disruption of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer [ 14 ] along with the increased presence of mast cells , T cells , and B cells causes the bladder epithelium to become more permeable.
Hemorrhagic cystitis, characterized by blood in the urine, can occur secondary to a number of causes including: infections, radiation therapy, underlying cancer, medications and toxins. [59] Medications that commonly cause this problem include the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide with rates of 2–40%. [ 59 ]
Pelvic masses, including ovarian cysts, [17] tumors, [18] and uterine fibroids can cause deep pain. [11] Pain from bladder irritation: Dyspareunia is a symptom of interstitial cystitis (IC). Patients may struggle with bladder pain and discomfort during or after sex. For an IC patient with a penis, pain occurs at the moment of ejaculation and is ...
Urinary bladder disease includes urinary bladder inflammation such as cystitis, bladder rupture and bladder obstruction (tamponade).Cystitis is common, sometimes referred to as urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria, bladder rupture occurs when the bladder is overfilled and not emptied while bladder tamponade is a result of blood clot formation near the bladder outlet.