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Nazi Germany, [i] officially known as the German Reich [j] and later the Greater German Reich, [k] was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
He rejected reactionary conservatism while proposing a new state that he coined the "Third Reich", which would unite all classes under authoritarian rule. [146] Van den Bruck advocated a combination of the nationalism of the right and the socialism of the left. [147] Fascism was a major influence on Nazism.
It continued to use the official name, Deutsches Reich, until 1943, when it was renamed to the Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich). The Nazis adopted the term "Third Reich" to legitimize their government as the rightful successor to the retroactively renamed "First" and "Second" Reichs – the Holy Roman Empire and the German Empire ...
Drittes Reich – Third Reich or "Third Realm". Arthur Moeller van den Bruck coined this term for his book Das Dritte Reich published in 1923. The term "Third Reich" was used by Nazi propaganda to legitimize the Nazi government as a successor to the "First Reich" (the Holy Roman Empire ), 800–1806 beginning with Charlemagne , and the "Second ...
When President Hindenburg died in August 1934, the Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich merged the offices of Reich President and Chancellor and conferred the position on Hitler, who thus also became head of state and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. [5] By 1939, party membership was compulsory for all civil service ...
In referring to the entire period between 1871 and 1945, the partially translated English phrase "German Reich" (/-ˈ r aɪ k /) is applied by historians in formal contexts; [3] although in common English usage this state was and is known simply as Germany, the English term "German Empire" is reserved to denote the German state between 1871 and 1918.
In addition to the unspeakable, the Reich’s tactics allowed it to seize territory—it was called Lebensraum (living space)—define the flow of information, suppress free speech, crush dissent ...
The Third Reich at War (2010), a comprehensive history of 1939-1945 excerpt and text search; Gigliotti, Simone. and Hilary Earl, eds. A Companion to the Holocaust (John Wiley & Sons, 2020). Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War (1985) online; Goda, Norman J. W.