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Clay-shoveler fracture – fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae; Burst fracture – in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load; Compression fracture – a collapse of a vertebra, often resulting in the form of a wedge-shape due to larger compression ...
Although the majority of vertebral fractures go undiagnosed, the annual cost related to treatment of vertebral fractures is estimated to be $1 billion in the U.S. [13] Symptomatic disc herniations are most common between ages 30–50 years. [26] 95 percent of herniated discs diagnosed in patients 25–55 years are located in the lumbar spine. [26]
The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. They form the lower part of the back in humans, and the tail end of the back in quadrupeds. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.
There are three general types of low back pain by cause: mechanical back pain (including nonspecific musculoskeletal strains, herniated discs, compressed nerve roots, degenerative discs or joint disease, and broken vertebra), non-mechanical back pain (tumors, inflammatory conditions such as spondyloarthritis, and infections), and referred pain ...
A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture ). This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta , lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors , [ 1 ] or infection. [ 2 ]
It is a condition when one of the bones in the spine falls out of alignment and "presses down" on the vertebra below it. That pressure on nearby nerves can cause lower back pain.
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