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In anatomy, a fistula (pl.: fistulas or fistulae /-l i,-l aɪ /; from Latin fistula, "tube, pipe") is an abnormal connection (i.e. tube) joining two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs to each other, often resulting in an abnormal flow of fluid from one space to the other.
The median time to definitive repair from fistula onset was 6 months (range 1 day to 28 months). The 6-month time course is commonly utilized by groups with significant experience treating fistulas, owing to the trend in encountering a less hostile abdomen than in the early phases. [ 4 ]
Before the Cimino fistula was invented, access was through a Scribner shunt, which consisted of a Teflon tube with a needle at each end. Between treatments, the needles were left in place and the tube allowed blood flow to reduce clotting. But Scribner shunts lasted only a few days to weeks.
Before the person undergoes surgery, treatment and evaluation are needed for conditions including anemia, malnutrition, and malaria. Quality treatment in low-resource settings are possible (as in the cases of Nigeria and Ethiopia). [16] Treatment is available through reconstructive surgery. [53] Primary fistula repair has a 91% success rate. [46]
The fistula can communicate with the mouth (usually causing no symptoms), the paranasal sinuses (giving rhinorrhea) [1] or the facial skin (causing saliva to drain onto the skin). The usual cause is trauma, however salivary fistula can occur as a complication of surgery, or if the duct becomes obstructed with a calculus .
Most notably, a golden fistula was used during a Papal Mass prior to the liturgical reforms proceeding the Second Vatican Council. [2] It is seldom used nowadays, although the modern Mass of Paul VI still allows for the fistula to be used, according to the General Instruction of the Roman Missal no. 245: "The Blood of the Lord may be consumed either by drinking from the chalice directly, or by ...
Fistulectomy is a surgical procedure where a surgeon completely removes a fistula, an abnormal tract (i.e. tube) that connects two hollow spaces of the body. [1] [2] In comparison to other procedural options of treating fistulae such as fistulotomies, where a fistula is cut open (i.e. unroofed) but not completely removed, and seton placement, where a rubber band seton is passed through the ...
Rectovaginal fistulas are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries [2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries.