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He promoted the adoption of the Norfolk four-course system, involving the rotation of turnips, barley, clover, and wheat crops. He was an enthusiastic advocate of growing turnips as a field crop for livestock feed. [8] As a result of his promotion of turnip-growing and his agricultural experiments at Raynham, he became known as "Turnip Townshend".
The Norfolk four-course system is a method of agriculture that involves crop rotation. Unlike earlier methods such as the three-field system, the Norfolk system is marked by an absence of a fallow year. Instead, four different crops are grown in each year of a four-year cycle: wheat, turnips, barley, and clover or ryegrass. [1]
Coke was influenced by "Turnip" Townshend, who had owned a nearby estate and promoted crop rotation and farm improvement. Along with enclosure, marling and improved grasses, Townshend's improvements resulted in "a course of husbandry utterly unlike that practised a hundred years ago". [31]
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types ... and the British agriculturist Charles Townshend ... turnips, barley and clover), included ...
In England around 1700, Charles "Turnip" Townshend promoted the use of turnips in a four-year crop-rotation system that enabled year-round livestock feeding. [ 11 ] In Scottish and some other English dialects, the word turnip can also refer to rutabagas (North American English), also known as swedes in England, a variety of Brassica napus ...
Crop rotation is a tried-and-true practice that has been used not just in home vegetable gardens but in full-scale farming operations since the 17th century. It consists of moving a family of ...
The Dutch four-field rotation system was popularised by the British agriculturist Charles Townshend in the 18th century. The system (wheat, turnips, barley and clover) opened up a fodder crop and grazing crop allowing livestock to be bred year-round. The use of clover was especially important as the legume roots replenished soil nitrates. [169]
One important change in farming methods was the move in crop rotation to turnips and clover in place of fallow under the Norfolk four-course system. Turnips can be grown in winter and are deep-rooted, allowing them to gather minerals unavailable to shallow-rooted crops. Clover fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form of fertiliser. This ...