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Chloromethane was a widely used refrigerant, but its use has been discontinued. It was particularly dangerous among the common refrigerants of the 1930s due to its combination of toxicity, flammability and lack of odor as compared with other toxic refrigerants such as sulfur dioxide and ammonia. [24]
The most important is dichloromethane, which is mainly used as a solvent. Chloromethane is a precursor to chlorosilanes and silicones. Historically significant (as an anaesthetic), but smaller in scale is chloroform, mainly a precursor to chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF 2) and tetrafluoroethene which is used in the manufacture of Teflon. [2]
DCM is produced by treating either chloromethane or methane with chlorine gas at 400–500 °C. At these temperatures, both methane and chloromethane undergo a series of reactions producing progressively more chlorinated products. In this way, an estimated 400,000 tons were produced in the US, Europe, and Japan in 1993. [12] CH 4 + Cl 2 → CH ...
ASHRAE 34 safety group in toxicity & flammability (in air @ 60 °C, 101.3 kPa) classing (see legends) Refrigerant concentration limit / immediately dangerous to life or health in parts per million (volume per volume) and grams per cubic meter; Molecular mass in atomic mass units
Chloroform, [10] or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula C H Cl 3 and a common solvent.It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE. [11]
Several million tons of chlorinated methanes are produced annually. Chloromethane is a precursor to chlorosilanes and silicones. Chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF 2) is used to make teflon. [7] Alkyl bromides Large scale applications of alkyl bromides exploit their toxicity, which also limits their usefulness.
Bromodichloromethane is a trihalomethane with formula C H Br Cl 2.It is a colorless, nonflammable liquid which will dissolve in water, or evaporate in air. [1] Most of the chemical is produced through the chlorine disinfection process, [1] and as a result it can occur in municipally-treated drinking water. [2]
Carbon tetrachloride is one of the most potent hepatotoxins (toxic to the liver), so much so that it is widely used in scientific research to evaluate hepatoprotective agents. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (including vapor) can affect the central nervous system and degenerate the liver [ 27 ] and kidneys ...