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Mathematics (Syllabus E) (Brunei) — Yes — Brunei only; last exam in 2010 — CIE 4029 Mathematics (Syllabus D) (Mauritius) No Yes Yes Mauritius only; cannot be combined with syllabuses 0580 & 0581 , 4021 & 4024 (O Level) syllabus [permanent dead link ] CIE 4037 Additional Mathematics: Yes Yes Yes Common with syllabus 0606 link: CIE 4038
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An independent set of ⌊ ⌋ vertices (where ⌊ ⌋ is the floor function) in an n-vertex triangle-free graph is easy to find: either there is a vertex with at least ⌊ ⌋ neighbors (in which case those neighbors are an independent set) or all vertices have strictly less than ⌊ ⌋ neighbors (in which case any maximal independent set must have at least ⌊ ⌋ vertices). [4]
Mathematics has a remarkable ability to cross cultural boundaries and time periods. As a human activity, the practice of mathematics has a social side, which includes education, careers, recognition, popularization, and so on. In education, mathematics is a core part of the curriculum and forms an important element of the STEM academic disciplines.
Editors-in-chief: Charles D. Hodgman (14th edition and earlier); Samuel M. Selby (15th–23rd editions); William H. Beyer (24th–29th editions); Daniel Zwillinger (30th–33rd editions) CRC Standard Mathematical Tables is a comprehensive one-volume handbook of fundamental working knowledge of mathematics and table of formulas. The handbook was ...
Following Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell, Hilbert sought to define mathematics logically using the method of formal systems, i.e., finitistic proofs from an agreed-upon set of axioms. [4] One of the main goals of Hilbert's program was a finitistic proof of the consistency of the axioms of arithmetic: that is his second problem.
The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.
In mathematics, a metric space is a set where a notion of distance (called a metric) between elements of the set is defined. Much of analysis happens in some metric space; the most commonly used are the real line , the complex plane , Euclidean space , other vector spaces , and the integers .