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A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units, which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities.
The per capita data for many countries may be slightly inaccurate as population data may not be for the same year as the consumption data. Population data were obtained mainly from the IMF [ 3 ] in 2021 with some exceptions, in which case they were obtained from the Wikipedia pages for the corresponding countries/territories.
Electric energy is usually measured in kilowatt-hours (kW·h). For example, if an electric load that draws 1.5 kW of electric power is operated for 8 hours, it uses 12 kW·h of electric energy. In the United States, a residential electric customer is charged based on the amount of electric energy used.
1 kWh = 3,600 kWs = 1,000 Wh = 3.6 million W·s = 3.6 million J. Electric and electronic devices consume electric energy to generate desired output (light, heat, motion, etc.). During operation, some part of the energy is lost depending on the electrical efficiency. [5] Electricity has been generated in power stations since 1882. [6]
The cost of energy production depends on costs during the expected lifetime of the plant and the amount of energy it is expected to generate over its lifetime. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is the average cost in currency per energy unit, for example, EUR per kilowatt-hour or AUD per megawatt-hour. [5]
Full Load hour is a measure of the degree of utilisation of a technical system. [1] [2] [3] Full load hours refer to the time for which a plant would have to be operated at nominal power in order to convert the same amount of electrical work as the plant has actually converted within a defined period of time, during which breaks in operation or partial load operation can also occur.
The data are given in kilograms of oil equivalent per year, and gigajoules per year, and in watts, as average equivalent power. Notes on conversions. 1 kg of oil equivalent (kgoe) = 11.63 kWh or 1 kWh = 0.08598 kgoe [2] 1000 kgoe = 42 GJ; 1 GJ/a = 31.7 W average; 1 W average = 8.76 kWh per year (365 × 24 Wh per year)
In electrical engineering the load factor is defined as the average load divided by the peak load in a specified time period. [1] It is a measure of the utilization rate, or efficiency of electrical energy usage; a high load factor indicates that load is using the electric system more efficiently, whereas consumers or generators that underutilize the electric distribution will have a low load ...