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Black-box testing, sometimes referred to as specification-based testing, [1] is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance.
Black box testing can be used to any level of testing although usually not at the unit level. [33] Component interface testing. Component interface testing is a variation of black-box testing, with the focus on the data values beyond just the related actions of a subsystem component. [41]
Generally, functional testing is black-box meaning the internal program structure is ignored (unlike for white-box testing). [1] Functional testing can evaluate compliance to functional requirements. [2] Sometimes, functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process. [3] Functional testing differs from acceptance testing.
The term "black box" is used because the actual program being executed is not examined. In computing in general, a black box program is one where the user cannot see the inner workings (perhaps because it is a closed source program) or one which has no side effects and the function of which need not be examined, a routine suitable for re-use.
Gray-box testing is suited for functional or business domain testing. Functional testing is done basically a test of user interactions with may be external systems. Gray-box testing is well-suited for functional testing due to its characteristics; it also helps to confirm that software meets the requirements defined for the software. [14] [15 ...
Acceptance testing of an aircraft catapult Six of the primary mirrors of the James Webb Space Telescope being prepared for acceptance testing. In engineering and its various subdisciplines, acceptance testing is a test conducted to determine if the requirements of a specification or contract are met.
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 Software and systems engineering -- Software testing [1] is a series of five international standards for software testing.First developed in 2007 [2] and released in 2013, the standard "defines vocabulary, processes, documentation, techniques, and a process assessment model for testing that can be used within any software development lifecycle."
The concept of the black box is also important in actor–network theory as it relates to simplification. As Michel Callon notes, an actor-network is a system of discrete entities or nodes, while the reality that it represents is theoretically infinite.