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Actual passive two-terminal components can be represented by some network of lumped and distributed ideal inductors, capacitors, and resistors, in the sense that the real component behaves as the network does. Some of the components of the equivalent circuit can vary with conditions, e.g., frequency and temperature.
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
At each stage, resistors for the "rung" and "leg" are chosen so that the rung value matches the leg value plus the equivalent resistance of the previous rungs. The rung and leg resistors can be formed by pairing other resistors in series or parallel in order to increase the number of available combinations. This process can be automated.
Whether a two-terminal "object" is an electrical component (e.g. a resistor) or an electrical network (e.g. resistors in series) is a matter of perspective. This article will use "component" to refer to a two-terminal "object" that participates in the series/parallel networks.
The Thévenin-equivalent circuit of a linear electrical circuit is a voltage source with voltage V th in series with a resistance R th. The Thévenin-equivalent voltage V th is the open-circuit voltage at the output terminals of the original circuit.
The following formulae use it, assuming a constant voltage applied across the capacitor and resistor in series, to determine the voltage across the capacitor against time: Charging toward applied voltage (initially zero voltage across capacitor, constant V 0 across resistor and capacitor together) V 0 : V ( t ) = V 0 ( 1 − e − t / τ ...
Source transformations are easy to compute using Ohm's law.If there is a voltage source in series with an impedance, it is possible to find the value of the equivalent current source in parallel with the impedance by dividing the value of the voltage source by the value of the impedance.
Since the ladder is a series circuit, the current is the same throughout, and is given by the total voltage divided by the total series resistance (V/R eq). The voltage drop across any one resistor is I×R n, where I is the current calculated above, and R n is the resistance of the resistor in question.