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In calculus, the reciprocal rule gives the derivative of the reciprocal of a function f in terms of the derivative of f.The reciprocal rule can be used to show that the power rule holds for negative exponents if it has already been established for positive exponents.
In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point.
for the first derivative, for the second derivative, for the third derivative, and for the nth derivative. When f is a function of several variables, it is common to use "∂", a stylized cursive lower-case d, rather than "D". As above, the subscripts denote the derivatives that are being taken.
The second derivative test can still be used to analyse critical points by considering the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix of second partial derivatives of the function at the critical point. If all of the eigenvalues are positive, then the point is a local minimum; if all are negative, it is a local maximum.
In addition to n th derivatives for any natural number n, there are various ways to define derivatives of fractional or negative orders, which are studied in fractional calculus. The −1 order derivative corresponds to the integral, whence the term differintegral.
At each point, the derivative is the slope of a line that is tangent to the curve at that point. Note: the derivative at point A is positive where green and dash–dot, negative where red and dashed, and 0 where black and solid.
Similarly, for every h < 0, the inequality turns around because the denominator is now negative and we get (+) (), hence ′ ():= (+) (), where the limit might be plus infinity. Finally, when the above right- and left-hand limits agree (in particular when f is differentiable), then the derivative of f at c must be zero.
Derivative = Antiderivative ... To use these approximations for negative x, use the fact that erf x is an odd function, so erf x = −erf ...