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Galileo thermoscope, The Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris. A thermoscope is a device that shows changes in temperature. A typical design is a tube in which a liquid rises and falls as the temperature changes.
A calorimeter is a device which is used to measure and define the internal energy of a system. Some common thermodynamic meters are: Thermometer – a device which measures temperature as described above; Barometer – a device which measures pressure, most notably atmospheric pressure. [3]
1638 — Robert Fludd the first thermoscope showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer. 1643 — Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer 1654 — Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany , made sealed tubes part filled with alcohol , with a bulb and stem, the first modern-style thermometer, depending on the ...
A thermometer is simply a thermoscope with a scale. ... I propose to regard it as axiomatic that a “meter” must have a scale or something equivalent. ... If this is admitted, the problem of the invention of the thermometer becomes more straightforward; that of the invention of the thermoscope remains as obscure as ever.
One of the most common devices for measuring temperature is the glass thermometer. This consists of a glass tube filled with mercury or some other liquid, which acts as the working fluid. Temperature increase causes the fluid to expand, so the temperature can be determined by measuring the volume of the fluid.
In the Galileo thermometer, the small glass bulbs are partly filled with different-colored liquids. The composition of these liquids is mainly water; some contain a tiny percent of alcohol, but that is not important for the functioning of the thermometer; they merely function as fixed weights, with their colors denoting given temperatures.
Nuclear energy – energy in the nucleus or core of atoms [1] Nuclear fusion; Nuclear reactor; Nuclear reprocessing; Oil drilling; Oil platform; Oil refinery; Oil shale; Oil well; Osmotic power – or salinity gradient power – is the energy available from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. OTEC ...
From cars the main source of energy is the exhaust gas. [32] Harvesting that heat energy using a thermoelectric generator can increase the fuel efficiency of the car. Thermoelectric generators have been investigated to replace the alternators in cars demonstrating a 3.45% reduction in fuel consumption. [33]