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  2. Transversal (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversal_(geometry)

    Consecutive interior angles are the two pairs of angles that: [4] [2] have distinct vertex points, lie on the same side of the transversal and; are both interior. Two lines are parallel if and only if the two angles of any pair of consecutive interior angles of any transversal are supplementary (sum to 180°).

  3. Internal and external angles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_and_external_angles

    The interior angle concept can be extended in a consistent way to crossed polygons such as star polygons by using the concept of directed angles.In general, the interior angle sum in degrees of any closed polygon, including crossed (self-intersecting) ones, is then given by 180(n–2k)°, where n is the number of vertices, and the strictly positive integer k is the number of total (360 ...

  4. Concurrent lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_lines

    In a cyclic quadrilateral, four line segments, each perpendicular to one side and passing through the opposite side's midpoint, are concurrent. [3]: p.131, [5] These line segments are called the maltitudes, [6] which is an abbreviation for midpoint altitude. Their common point is called the anticenter.

  5. Corresponding sides and corresponding angles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corresponding_sides_and...

    The corresponding angles as well as the corresponding sides are defined as appearing in the same sequence, so for example if in a polygon with the side sequence abcde and another with the corresponding side sequence vwxyz we have vertex angle a appearing between sides a and b then its corresponding vertex angle v must appear between sides v and w.

  6. Parallel postulate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_postulate

    If the sum of the interior angles α and β is less than 180°, the two straight lines, produced indefinitely, meet on that side. In geometry, the parallel postulate, also called Euclid's fifth postulate because it is the fifth postulate in Euclid's Elements, is a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry.

  7. Rectilinear polygon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectilinear_polygon

    In many cases another definition is preferable: a rectilinear polygon is a polygon with sides parallel to the axes of Cartesian coordinates. The distinction becomes crucial when spoken about sets of polygons: the latter definition would imply that sides of all polygons in the set are aligned with the same coordinate axes.

  8. Proofs of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_trigonometric...

    The oldest and most elementary definitions are based on the geometry of right triangles and the ratio between their sides. The proofs given in this article use these definitions, and thus apply to non-negative angles not greater than a right angle. For greater and negative angles, see Trigonometric functions.

  9. Kawasaki's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki's_theorem

    Kawasaki's theorem or Kawasaki–Justin theorem is a theorem in the mathematics of paper ... the angles of consecutive folds ... same point interior to the sheet ...