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The word colligative is derived from the Latin colligatus meaning bound together. [3] This indicates that all colligative properties have a common feature, namely that they are related only to the number of solute molecules relative to the number of solvent molecules and not to the nature of the solute. [4] Colligative properties include:
The van 't Hoff factor i (named after Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff) is a measure of the effect of a solute on colligative properties such as osmotic pressure, relative lowering in vapor pressure, boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression.
The boiling point elevation is a colligative property, which means that boiling point elevation is dependent on the number of dissolved particles but not their identity. [1] It is an effect of the dilution of the solvent in the presence of a solute. It is a phenomenon that happens for all solutes in all solutions, even in ideal solutions, and ...
In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant K b relates molality b to boiling point elevation. [1] It is the ratio of the latter to the former: = i is the van 't Hoff factor, the number of particles the solute splits into or forms when dissolved.
Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so ΔT depends only on the number of solute particles dissolved, not the nature of those particles. Cryoscopy is related to ebullioscopy , which determines the same value from the ebullioscopic constant (of boiling point elevation ).
The proportionality to concentration means that osmotic pressure is a colligative property. Note the similarity of this formula to the ideal gas law in the form P = n V R T = c gas R T {\textstyle P={\frac {n}{V}}RT=c_{\text{gas}}RT} where n is the total number of moles of gas molecules in the volume V , and n / V is the molar concentration of ...
It is cheap, nontoxic, and has a high heat capacity. It however has only a 100 Kelvin liquid range, and it expands upon freezing. To address these problems, alternative coolants with improved properties were developed. Freezing and boiling points are colligative properties of a solution, which depend on the concentration of dissolved substances ...
Some properties of solutions, the colligative ones, depend only on the solute concentration (and temperature) - one might say they depend on the mere gathering together of solute molecules, although that's not very idiomatic either, or scientific; others depend also on the composition of the molecules, which makes some additive or summative ...