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The blocks known as the Trilithon (the upper of the two largest courses of stone pictured) in the Temple of Jupiter Baal. The Trilithon (Greek: Τρίλιθον), also called the Three Stones, is a group of three horizontally lying giant stones that form part of the podium of the Temple of Jupiter Baal at Baalbek. The location of the megalithic ...
It is unknown who commissioned or designed the temple, nor exactly when it was constructed. It is situated at the western end of the Great Court of Roman Heliopolis, on a broad platform of stone raised another 7 m (23 ft) above the huge stones of the foundation, three of which are among the heaviest blocks ever used in a construction.
Baalbek [a] (/ ˈ b ɑː l b ɛ k, ˈ b eɪ ə l b ɛ k /; [5] Arabic: بَعْلَبَكّ, romanized: Baʿlabakk; Syriac: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about 67 km (42 mi) northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. [6] In 1998, the city had a population of 82,608. [7]
The word trilithon is derived from the Greek 'having three stones' (Tri - three, lithos - stone) and was first used by William Stukeley. The term also describes the groups of three stones in the Hunebed tombs of the Netherlands and the three massive stones forming part of the wall of the Temple of Jupiter at Baalbek, Lebanon. [1]
Monolith with bull, fox, and crane in low relief at Göbekli Tepe. The density of most stone is between 2 and 3 tons per cubic meter. Basalt weighs about 2.8 to 3.0 tons per cubic meter; granite averages about 2.75 metric tons per cubic meter; limestone, 2.7 metric tons per cubic meter; sandstone or marble, 2.5 tons per cubic meter.
The largest megalith of the ancient world, found in Baalbek, Lebanon, was quarried during the Roman Empire [7] Menhir Menhir is the name used in Western Europe for a single upright stone erected in prehistoric times; sometimes called a "standing stone". [8] Monolith Any single standing stone erected in prehistoric times. [9] Capstone style
Baalbek, Roman Lebanon: Column drum, lower 48.5: 1st–2nd c. Temple of Jupiter [5] Baalbek, Roman Lebanon: Architrave-frieze block, central 63: Lifted by cranes to height of 19 m [10] 1st–2nd c. Temple of Jupiter [5] Baalbek, Roman Lebanon: Cornice block, corner 108: Lifted by cranes to height of 19 m [10] 1st–3rd c. Granite column [11]
"A documentation in stone of Acarina in the Roman Temple of Bacchus in Baalbek, Lebanon, about 150 AD". Bull Ann Soc Ent Belgique. Jessup, Samuel. Ba'albek (Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt) Ed. Appleton & Co. New York, 1881 Lewis, Norman N. (1999). "Baalbek Before and After the Earthquake of 1759: The Drawings of James Bruce". Levant.