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Spanish slavery in the Americas diverged from other European powers in that it took on an early abolitionist stance towards Native American slavery. Although it did not directly partake in the trans-Atlantic slave trade , enslaved Black people were sold throughout the Spanish Empire, particularly in Caribbean territories. [ 9 ]
The popularity of coartación resulted in a large population of free people of color in Spanish America. Free people of color outnumbered slaves in Mexico, Peru, and New Granada by the end of the eighteenth century, and accounted for thirty percent and twenty percent of the population of Salvador and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, respectively. [4]
Of the total number of slaves, nearly half went to the Caribbean islands and the Guianas, almost 40 per cent to Brazil, and some 6 per cent to mainland Spanish America. Most of them arrived between 1601 and 1625, but the number dropped to its lowest between 1676 and 1700. [128] Surprisingly enough, under 5 per cent of the slaves went to North ...
During the entire period of the Atlantic Slave Trade, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, in which slavery existed in the Americas, Brazil was responsible for importing 35 per cent of the slaves from Africa (4 million) while Spanish America imported about 20 per cent (2.5 million). These numbers are significantly higher than the ...
Before the end of the slave trade, New Spain had the sixth-highest slave population (estimated 200,000) of the Americas after Brazil (over 4.9 million), the Caribbean (over 4 million), Cuba (over 1 million), Hispaniola and the United States (half a million). [7] Around 1570, Yanga led a band of slaves in escaping to the highlands near Veracruz.
These slaves represented almost half of the total number of slaves brought to the Spanish West Indies. By 1810, they were about 625,000 free (a differentiation often forgotten) and 10,000 slaves distributed throughout Mexico and along the coasts and in tropical areas. They worked on crops such as sugar cane but also in a variety of trades.
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Black Odyssey: The African-American Ordeal in Slavery. New York: Pantheon, 1990. Jewett, Clayton E. and John O. Allen; Slavery in the South: A State-By-State History. (Greenwood Press, 2004) Levine, Lawrence W. Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.