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In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lower – and typically more mobile – component of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla). The jawbone is the skull's only movable, posable bone, sharing joints with the cranium's temporal bones.
Fractures of the mandible are common. However, coronoid process fractures are very rare. [1] Isolated fractures of the coronoid process caused by direct trauma are rare, as it is anatomically protected by the complex zygomatic arch/ temporo-zygomatic bone and their associated muscles.
The mandibular incisive canal (indicated here by coral green arrows) continuing anteriorly (to the right) from the mandibular canal (purple arrows) after the mental foramen (light green circle). The mental foramen is one of two foramina (openings) located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It is part of the mandibular canal.
The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull. [1] The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium.. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium, which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase.
The mylohyoid line is a bony ridge on the internal surface of the body of the mandible. The mylohyoid line extends posterosuperiorly. The mylohyoid line continues as the mylohyoid groove on the internal surface of the ramus. The mylohyoid muscle originates from the anterior (front) part of the mylohyoid line. [1]
A mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible in the midline. There are usually four mental spines: two superior and two inferior. Collectively they are also known as the genial tubercle, [1] genial apophysis and the Latin name spinae ment
The mandibular angle has been named as a forensic tool for gender determination, but some studies have called into question whether there is any significant sex difference in humans in the angle. [2] [3] Many mammals have a distinctive bony prong, the angular process, immediately above the angle of the mandible. [4]
Interior of the mandible, side view. The buccinator crest can be seen posteriorly to the third molar. The buccinator crest (Latin crista buccinatoria) is a bony crest of the human mandible, that passes from the base of the coronoid process to the area of the third molar. [1] The alveolar border of the buccinator muscle attaches upon it. [2]