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Simple harmonic motion can be considered the one-dimensional projection of uniform circular motion. If an object moves with angular speed ω around a circle of radius r centered at the origin of the xy-plane, then its motion along each coordinate is simple harmonic motion with amplitude r and angular frequency ω.
The motion is periodic, repeating itself in a sinusoidal fashion with constant amplitude A. In addition to its amplitude, the motion of a simple harmonic oscillator is characterized by its period = /, the time for a single oscillation or its frequency = /, the number of cycles per unit time.
Even a simple harmonograph as described can create ellipses, spirals, figure eights and other Lissajous figures. More complex harmonographs incorporate three or more pendulums or linked pendulums together (for example, hanging one pendulum off another), or involve rotary motion, in which one or more pendulums is mounted on gimbals to allow ...
The motion is simple harmonic motion where θ 0 is the amplitude of the oscillation (that is, the maximum angle between the rod of the pendulum and the vertical). The corresponding approximate period of the motion is then
The restoring force is often referred to in simple harmonic motion. The force responsible for restoring original size and shape is called the restoring force. [1] [2] An example is the action of a spring. An idealized spring exerts a force proportional to the amount of deformation of the spring from its equilibrium length, exerted in a ...
When calculating the period of a simple pendulum, the small-angle approximation for sine is used to allow the resulting differential equation to be solved easily by comparison with the differential equation describing simple harmonic motion.
A Wilberforce pendulum can be designed by approximately equating the frequency of harmonic oscillations of the spring-mass oscillator f T, which is dependent on the spring constant k of the spring and the mass m of the system, and the frequency of the rotating oscillator f R, which is dependent on the moment of inertia I and the torsional ...
Diagram showing the periodic orbit of a mass-spring system in simple harmonic motion. (Here the velocity and position axes have been reversed from the standard convention in order to align the two diagrams) Given a dynamical system (T, M, Φ) with T a group, M a set and Φ the evolution function