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Schematic of the HPA axis (CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a ...
11604 Ensembl ENSG00000159723 ENSMUSG00000005705 UniProt O00253 P56473 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001138 NM_001271806 NM_007427 RefSeq (protein) NP_001129 NP_001258735 NP_031453 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 67.48 – 67.48 Mb Chr 8: 106.29 – 106.36 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Agouti-related protein (AgRP), also called agouti-related peptide, is a neuropeptide produced in the ...
The HPA axis ultimately results in the release of cortisol, which generally has immunosuppressive effects. However, the effect of stress on the immune system is disputed, and various models have been proposed in an attempt to account for both the supposedly "immunodeficiency" linked diseases and diseases involving hyper activation of the immune ...
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the main mechanisms by which the immune system interacts with stress. [29] In animal studies, stressors such as social disruption and restraint stress active HPA axis in mice [ 29 ] In both human and animal models, studies have shown that varying times of stress can ...
15442 Ensembl ENSG00000173083 ENSMUSG00000035273 UniProt Q9Y251 Q6YGZ1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006665 NM_001098540 NM_001166498 NM_001199830 NM_152803 RefSeq (protein) NP_001092010 NP_001159970 NP_001186759 NP_006656 NP_690016 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 83.29 – 83.34 Mb Chr 5: 100.83 – 100.87 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Heparanase, also known as HPSE, is an enzyme that ...
The cells that experienced the biggest changes were the ones in the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that is linked to food intake, energy balance and metabolism, the researchers noted.
A Corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (CRH antagonist) is a specific type of receptor antagonist that blocks the receptor sites for corticotropin-releasing hormone, also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which synchronizes the behavioral, endocrine, autonomic, and immune responses to stress by controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). [1]
In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females. Many egg-yolk and chorionic proteins are synthesized heterologously in the liver, which are necessary for ovocyte growth and development.