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  2. Conservation of mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass

    By the 18th century the principle of conservation of mass during chemical reactions was widely used and was an important assumption during experiments, even before a definition was widely established, [10] though an expression of the law can be dated back to Hero of Alexandria’s time, [11] as can be seen in the works of Joseph Black, Henry ...

  3. Conserved quantity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserved_quantity

    A conserved quantity is a property or value that remains constant over time in a system even when changes occur in the system. In mathematics , a conserved quantity of a dynamical system is formally defined as a function of the dependent variables , the value of which remains constant along each trajectory of the system.

  4. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    In any chemical reaction, not only is the total mass conserved but also the numbers of atoms of each kind are conserved, and this imposes corresponding constraints on possible values for the stoichiometric coefficients. There are usually multiple reactions proceeding simultaneously in any natural reaction system, including those in biology.

  5. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...

  6. Conservation of energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 31 December 2024. Law of physics and chemistry This article is about the law of conservation of energy in physics. For sustainable energy resources, see Energy conservation. Part of a series on Continuum mechanics J = − D d φ d x {\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}} Fick's laws of diffusion ...

  7. Chemical law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_law

    The most fundamental concept in chemistry is the law of conservation of mass, which states that there is no detectable change in the quantity of matter during an ordinary chemical reaction. Modern physics shows that it is actually energy that is conserved, and that energy and mass are related ; a concept which becomes important in nuclear ...

  8. Continuity equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_equation

    In an everyday example, there is a continuity equation for the number of people alive; it has a "source term" to account for people being born, and a "sink term" to account for people dying. Any continuity equation can be expressed in an "integral form" (in terms of a flux integral ), which applies to any finite region, or in a "differential ...

  9. Q value (nuclear science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_value_(nuclear_science)

    In nuclear physics and chemistry, the Q value for a nuclear reaction is the amount of energy absorbed or released during the reaction. The value relates to the enthalpy of a chemical reaction or the energy of radioactive decay products. It can be determined from the masses of reactants and products. Q values affect reaction rates.