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There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays [3] and around 1% of CT scans. [4] The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer, [4] especially in older adults and ...
The smaller the tumor on a radiograph the more likely it is to be benign as 80% of lung nodules less than 2 cm in diameter are benign. Most benign nodules are smoothed radiopaque densities with clear margins but these are not exclusive signs of benign tumors.
Bronchoscopy is not usually useful as these lesions tend to lie in the perifery of the lung. Fine needle aspirates may be not be sufficient to make the diagnosis. [7] [8] Blood tests are normal. CT shows a solitary nodule with may have some calcium present. PET scans may be positive. [9] [10]
A lung nodule is a discrete opacity in the lung which may be caused by: Neoplasm: benign or malignant; Granuloma: tuberculosis; Infection: round pneumonia; Vascular: infarct, varix, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis; There are a number of features that are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis: rate of growth
Pulmonary tuberculomas are among the most common benign nodules, with 5%-24% of all resected nodules being of tuberculous origin. [21] In areas of lower prevalence, such as the United States, they are most commonly seen in the setting of an acquired immunodeficiency . [ 23 ]
The most frequent findings on a computed tomography (CT) of the chest are multiple primary nodules and/or masses, on a background of mosaic attenuation and airway wall thickening. [2] [9] The nodules have an indolent pattern of growth and are found throughout the lungs. The nodules are typically rounded and well-defined.
Parenchymal hamartoma of the lung. The surrounding lung falls away from the well-circumscribed mass, a typical feature of these lesions. The hamartoma shows a variegated yellow and white appearance, which corresponds respectively to fat and cartilage. About 5–8% of all solitary lung nodules and about 75% of all benign lung tumors, are ...
This finding is most commonly associated with hematogenous metastases, where malignant cells spread to the lungs via the bloodstream, forming discrete nodules that resemble cannonballs. [2] The term "cannonball" reflects the large, rounded appearance of these lesions, often evident on chest radiographs or CT scans.