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Religion in Mongolia has been traditionally dominated by the schools of Mongolian Buddhism and by Mongolian shamanism, the ethnic religion of the Mongols. Historically, through their Mongol Empire the Mongols were exposed to the influences of Christianity ( Nestorianism and Catholicism ) and Islam , although these religions never came to dominate.
The Erdene Zuu Monastery (Mongolian: Эрдэнэ Зуу хийд, romanized: Erdene Zuu khiid) [a] is probably the earliest surviving Buddhist monastery in Mongolia.Located in Övörkhangai Province, approximately 2 km north-east from the center of Kharkhorin and adjacent to the ancient city of Karakorum, it is part of the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site. [1]
Gandantegchinlen Monastery (Mongolian: Гандантэгчэнлин хийд, Gandantegchenlin khiid), also known as Gandan Monastery, is a Buddhist monastery in Bayangol District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It was founded in 1809, closed amid persecutions in 1939, and from 1944 to 1989 was the country's only active monastery.
Ongi Monastery (Mongolian: Онгийн хийд, Ongiin Khiid) is the collective name for the ruins of two monasteries that face each other across the Ongi River in Saikhan-Ovoo district of Dundgovi Province, in south-central Mongolia. The Barlim Monastery is located on the north bank of the river while the Khutagt Monastery sits on the south ...
The Mongols' passion for religious tolerance appealed to writers of the eighteenth century. "The Catholic inquisitors of Europe", wrote Edward Gibbon in a celebrated passage, "who defended nonsense by cruelty, might have been confounded by the example of a barbarian, who anticipated the lessons of philosophy and established by his laws a system ...
Khamar Monastery (Mongolian: Хамарын хийд, Khamar Khiid), founded in 1820, was an important Red Hat sect Buddhist monastic, cultural, and education center in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert region until its destruction in 1937. [1]
By 1921, the year of the Mongolian People's Revolution, it consisted of some 20 buildings and housed over 1500 monks. [5] Like most of Mongolia's religious centers, Shankh Monastery was closed down in 1937 and most of its standing structures destroyed by the country's communist regime as part of violent Stalinist purges.
Buddha statue in the Erdene Zuu Monastery, Karakorum Gilded stupa and a prajnaparamita, Mongolian from the 18th century CE. Buddhism is the largest religion in Mongolia practiced by 51.7% of Mongolia's population, according to the 2020 Mongolia census. [1]