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[34] [15] Around 15% of the women who have recurrent miscarriages have high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. [34] Women who have had more than one miscarriage in the first trimester, or a miscarriage in the second trimester, may have their blood tested for antibodies, to determine if they have antiphospholipid syndrome. [34]
Unlike first-trimester miscarriages, second-trimester miscarriages are less likely to be caused by a genetic abnormality; chromosomal aberrations are found in a third of cases. [60] Infection during the third trimester can cause a miscarriage.
Cervical weakness may cause miscarriage or preterm birth during the second and third trimesters. It has been estimated that cervical insufficiency complicates about 1% of pregnancies, and that it is a cause in about 8% of women with second trimester recurrent miscarriages .
As many as 25 percent of pregnancies end in miscarriage. About 1 percent of women suffer from three or more in a row, which is the definition of a recurrent miscarriage.
Avery Davis Bell suffered a second-trimester miscarriage. While she lay bleeding in a hospital bed, she had to wait for life-saving care, she said.
Placental abruption defined as the separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to delivery, is a major cause of third trimester vaginal bleeding and complicates about 1% of pregnancies. [ 13 ] [ 50 ] Symptomatic presentations are variable: Some women can entirely ignore the symptoms, while others have mild bleeding or abdominal discomfort ...
In a pregnant woman who is entering her second trimester, the combination of urinary difficulties and pelvic pain may alert the physician to consider uterine incarceration as a possibility. On physical examination, the cervix is pushed up and anterior, and the pelvis entirely filled by the soft mass of the body of the pregnant uterus.
Bell was now suffering a second-trimester miscarriage and her doctors determined that she needed a D&E, or dilation and evacuation, which is an in-clinic abortion. During a D&E, the cervix is ...