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A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ sarx "flesh", μέρος meros "part") is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue. [1] It is the repeating unit between two Z-lines. Skeletal muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells (called muscle fibers or myofibers) which are formed during embryonic myogenesis.
Intercalated discs support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue in a wave-like pattern so that the heart can work like a pump. [1] They occur at the Z line of the sarcomere and can be visualized easily when observing a longitudinal section of the tissue.
A myofibril (also known as a muscle fibril or sarcostyle) [1] is a basic rod-like organelle of a muscle cell. [2] Skeletal muscles are composed of long, tubular cells known as muscle fibers, and these cells contain many chains of myofibrils. [3] Each myofibril has a diameter of 1–2 micrometres. [3]
Striated muscle tissue is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. The presence of sarcomeres manifests as a series of bands visible along the muscle fibers, which is responsible for the striated appearance observed in microscopic images of this tissue.
[4] [5] Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells both contain myofibrils and sarcomeres and form a striated muscle tissue. [6] Cardiac muscle cells form the cardiac muscle in the walls of the heart chambers, and have a single central nucleus. [7] Cardiac muscle cells are joined to neighboring cells by intercalated discs, and when joined ...
A separate study examined this in more detail in cardiac tissue and found that murine hearts lacking desmin developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and chamber dilation combined with systolic dysfunction. [21] In adult muscle, desmin forms a scaffold around the Z-disk of the sarcomere and connects the Z-disk to the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton. [22]
Types of muscle tissue are striated skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, obliquely striated muscle (found in some invertebrates), and non-striated smooth muscle. [3] Various arrangements of myofilaments create different muscles. Striated muscle has transverse bands of filaments. In obliquely striated muscle, the filaments are staggered.
The costamere is a structural-functional component of striated muscle cells [1] which connects the sarcomere of the muscle to the cell membrane (i.e. the sarcolemma). [2] Costameres are sub-sarcolemmal protein assemblies circumferentially aligned in register with the Z-disk of peripheral myofibrils.