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The TSH, in turn, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone until levels in the blood return to normal. Thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback control over the hypothalamus as well as anterior pituitary, thus controlling the release of both TRH from hypothalamus and TSH from anterior pituitary gland.
Thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. They act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. [12]
It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3). [1] Thyroxine and its active metabolites are essential for regulating metabolic rate , supporting heart and muscle function , promoting brain development , and maintaining bone health .
At 20 weeks, the fetus is able to implement feedback mechanisms for the production of thyroid hormones. During fetal development, T 4 is the major thyroid hormone being produced while triiodothyronine (T 3) and its inactive derivative, reverse T 3, are not detected until the third trimester. [2]
Organification is a biochemical process that takes place in the thyroid gland. It is the incorporation of iodine into thyroglobulin for the production of thyroid hormone, a step done after the oxidation of iodide by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO) [1] Since iodine is an inorganic compound, and is being attached to thyroglobulin, a protein, the process is termed as "organification of iodine".
In posterior pituitary we have hormones that control absorption of water and oxytocin. Anterior hypophysis, neurosecretory cells which release hormones. There is a pituitary portal system, with which the hormones are transported. These hormones are prolactin, growth hormone, TSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, FSH and LH.
Thyroid hormones are important for normal development. [28] They increase the growth rate of young people, [29] and cells of the developing brain are a major target for the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4. Thyroid hormones play a particularly crucial role in brain maturation during fetal development and first few years of postnatal life [28]
22095 Ensembl ENSG00000165409 ENSMUSG00000020963 UniProt P16473 P47750 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000369 NM_001018036 NM_001142626 NM_001113404 NM_011648 RefSeq (protein) NP_000360 NP_001018046 NP_001136098 NP_001106875 NP_035778 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 80.95 – 81.15 Mb Chr 12: 91.35 – 91.52 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The thyrotropin receptor (or TSH receptor) is a ...