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Physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory at the beginning of the 20th century. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics. Detailed articles on specific topics are available through the Outline of the history of physics.
Laura Eisenstein – (1942–1985) professor of physics at University of Illinois; Terence James Elkins – Australia, United States (born 1936) John Ellis – U.K. (born 1946) Paul John Ellis – U.K., United States (1941–2005) Richard Keith Ellis – U.K., United States (born 1949) Arpad Elo – Hungary (1903–1992)
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. [1] Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. [2] [3] [4] A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist.
Entries beginning with "History of " or "List of " are ordered by the rest of their names. (For example: History of special relativity is listed under "S".) For information on how to reorder entries to adhere to this rule, please see this Categorization FAQ entry and/or view the relevant [[Category:...]] tag in one of the reordered entries.
A golden age of physics began with the simultaneous discovery of the principle of the conservation of energy in the mid-19th century. [7] [8] A golden age of physics was the years 1925 to 1927. [9] The golden age of nonlinear physics was the period from 1950 to 1970, encompassing the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem and others. [10]
Thomas Young - the first to use the term "energy" to refer to kinetic energy in its modern sense, in 1802.. In the history of physics, the history of energy examines the gradual development of energy as a central scientific concept.
In the history of physics, the concept of fields had its origins in the 18th century in a mathematical formulation of Newton's law of universal gravitation, but it was seen as deficient as it implied action at a distance. In 1852, Michael Faraday treated the magnetic field as a physical object, reasoning about lines of force.
1766 Henry Cavendish discovers and studies hydrogen; 1778 Carl Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier discover that air is composed mostly of nitrogen and oxygen; 1781 Joseph Priestley creates water by igniting hydrogen and oxygen