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Urban history is a field of history that examines the historical nature of cities and towns, and the process of urbanization. The approach is often multidisciplinary, crossing boundaries into fields like social history , architectural history , urban sociology , urban geography , business history , and archaeology .
Excavations at early urban sites show that some cities were sparsely populated political capitals, others were trade centers, and still other cities had a primarily religious focus. Some cities had large dense populations, whereas others carried out urban activities in the realms of politics or religion without having large associated populations.
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
The United States Census Bureau changed its classification and definition of urban areas in 1950 and again in 1990, and caution is thus advised when comparing urban data from different time periods. [2] [3] Urbanization was fastest in the Northeastern United States, which acquired an urban majority by 1880. [2]
Urban studies is based on the study of the urban development of cities and regions—it makes up the theory portion of the field of urban planning.This includes studying the history of city development from an architectural point of view, to the impact of urban design on community development efforts.
A satellite view of the U.S. Northeast megalopolis at night, the world's most economically productive megalopolis [1] with over 50 million residents, centered on New York City Greater Tokyo in Japan, the world's most populated urban area, with about 40 million inhabitants as of 2022 Greater São Paulo at night, as seen from the International Space Station Aerial view of Greater Adelaide, the ...
Typical working definitions for small-city populations start at around 100,000 people. [19] Common population definitions for an urban area (city or town) range between 1,500 and 50,000 people, with most U.S. states using a minimum between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants. [20] [21] Some jurisdictions set no such minima. [22]
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology, an academic field which studies urban life. [1] [2]