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The femoral nerve is the major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. It is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, and arises from the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves (L2, L3, and L4).
The intermediate cutaneous nerve (middle cutaneous nerve) pierces the fascia lata (and generally the sartorius) about 7.5 cm below the inguinal ligament, and divides into two branches which descend in immediate proximity along the forepart of the thigh, to supply the skin as low as the front of the knee.
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh may have multiple branches. [1] Its position with relation to the ASIS can be very variable. [3] It may partially pass through sartorius muscle rather than over its surface. [1] It may be absent, and the sensory supply replaced by branches of the femoral nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve. [1]
The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. It commences in the proximal (upper) thigh and travels along the adductor canal.
The genitofemoral nerve is a mixed branch of the lumbar plexus derived from anterior rami of L1-L2.It splits a genital branch and a femoral branch.It provides sensory innervation to the upper anterior thigh, as well as the skin of the anterior scrotum in males and mons pubis in females.
Cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs is the nerve supply to areas of the skin of the lower limbs (including the feet) which are supplied by specific cutaneous nerves. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves , but there are minor variations in some of the details.
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh provides sensory innervation to most of [2] the posterior surface of the thigh (upper leg), [2] [1] and the superior [1] part of the posterior surface of the leg (lower leg), [2] [1] as well as (the inferior part of) the gluteal region (via inferior cluneal nerves, derived from anterior rami of S1-S2 ...
The femoral nerve is the largest and longest of the plexus' nerves. It gives motor innervation to iliopsoas , pectineus , sartorius , and quadriceps femoris ; and sensory innervation to the anterior thigh, posterior lower leg, and hindfoot.