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Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract [ 2 ] [ 3 ] though strains have been isolated from the vagina [ 4 ] and mouth ( B. dentium ) of mammals, including humans.
Studies involving L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium suggest that these microbes inhibit the growth of facultative anaerobic bacteria, which tends to increase during antibiotic treatment. As a result, it is seen that probiotics can alter and prevent changes in the intestinal microflora caused by antibiotics.
Multiple studies have shown that there is a significant difference in the survival rate of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium under refrigerated (4°C) and room temperature (25°C) storage conditions. At room temperature (25±1°C), the number of probiotics decreased by 5 to 6 logarithmic units (down to 1/100,000) after 90 days of storage.
Bifidobacterium longum is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium present in the human gastrointestinal tract and one of the 32 species that belong to the genus Bifidobacterium. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a microaerotolerant anaerobe and considered to be one of the earliest colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract of infants. [ 2 ]
The Bifidobacteriaceae are the only family of bacteria in the order Bifidobacteriales. [3] According to the 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 published by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project, the order Bifidobacteriales is a clade nested within the suborder Micrococcineae, also the genus Bifidobacterium is paraphyletic to the other genera within the family, i.e. the other genera are nested ...
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