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The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s. Krashen originally formulated the input hypothesis as just one of the five hypotheses, but over time the term has come to refer to the five hypotheses as a group.
Krashen, Stephen D. (1985), The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications, New York: Longman Krashen, Stephen D. (1989), "We Acquire Vocabulary and Spelling by Reading: Additional Evidence for the Input Hypothesis" (PDF) , The Modern Language Journal , 73 (4): 440– 464, doi : 10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb05325.x , archived (PDF) from the ...
Similarly to Krashen's Input Hypothesis, the Interaction Hypothesis claims that comprehensible input is important for language learning. In addition, it claims that the effectiveness of comprehensible input is greatly increased when learners have to negotiate for meaning. [5]
The input hypothesis. This states that language is acquired by exposure to comprehensible input at a level a little higher than that the learner can already understand. Krashen names this kind of input "i+1". [10] The natural order hypothesis. This states that learners acquire the grammatical features of a language in a fixed order, and that ...
Stephen Krashen took a very strong position on the importance of input, asserting that comprehensible input is all that is necessary for second-language acquisition. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] Krashen pointed to studies showing that the length of time a person stays in a foreign country is closely linked with their level of language acquisition.
If this hypothesis is correct, then language acquirers must be forced to speak. According to Stephen Krashen, the Need Hypothesis is incorrect. However, Krashen does point out that need can be helpful when it places the acquirer in a position in which he or she can receive comprehensible input (CI). On the other hand, need is useless in the ...
Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition is a highly practical theory for communicative language learning. This notion of second language acquisition consists of five main hypotheses: the Acquisition-Learning hypothesis; the Monitor hypothesis; the Natural Order hypothesis; the Input hypothesis; and the Affective Filter hypothesis.
The classroom environment offers input that is adjusted to learners’ needs. Instructors can decrease their speaking rate and simplify their word use and sentence structures. According to the input hypothesis by Krashen, [ 41 ] one can acquire a second language efficiently with comprehensible input, which suggests that input brought by formal ...