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In small plants and seedlings, Verticillium can quickly kill the plant while in larger, more developed plants the severity can vary. Some times only one side of the plant will appear infected because once in the vascular tissues, the disease migrates mostly upward and not as much radially in the stem. [ 3 ]
A wilt disease is any number of diseases that affect the vascular system of plants. Attacks by fungi , bacteria , and nematodes can cause rapid killing of plants, large tree branches or even entire trees.
Fusarium wilt is a common vascular wilt fungal disease, exhibiting symptoms similar to Verticillium wilt. This disease has been investigated extensively since the early years of this century. The pathogen that causes Fusarium wilt is Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). [1] The species is further divided into formae speciales based on host plant.
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Flaccidity and chlorosis start in the lower regions of the plant and progressively move upwards causing wilt of the entire plant. [6] In later stages of disease development, progressive defoliation occurs, which is followed by necrosis in leaves. Discoloration of the vascular system is a characteristic symptom.
Plant disease triangle. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. [10] A disease triangle describes the basic factors required for plant diseases. These are the host plant, the pathogen, and the environment. Any one of these can be modified to control a disease. [11]
It is a destructive disease of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals found worldwide, and affects genera from nearly all the plant families. The bacteria mainly attack the fleshy storage organs of their hosts ( tubers , corms , bulbs , and rhizomes ), but they also affect succulent buds, stems, and petiole tissues.
Bark tissues make up by weight between 10 and 20% of woody vascular plants and consists of various biopolymers, tannins, lignin, suberin and polysaccharides. [35] Up to 40% of the bark tissue is made of lignin, which forms an important part of a plant, providing structural support by crosslinking between different polysaccharides, such as ...