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  2. Formate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formate

    Formate (IUPAC name: methanoate) is the conjugate base of formic acid. Formate is an anion ( HCO − 2 ) or its derivatives such as ester of formic acid . The salts and esters are generally colorless.

  3. Resonance (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance_(chemistry)

    Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.

  4. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    Expressing resonance when drawing Lewis structures may be done either by drawing each of the possible resonance forms and placing double-headed arrows between them or by using dashed lines to represent the partial bonds (although the latter is a good representation of the resonance hybrid which is not, formally speaking, a Lewis structure ...

  5. Mesomeric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesomeric_effect

    In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound.It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [1]

  6. Clar's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar's_rule

    Clar's rule states that for a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (i.e. one with only hexagonal rings), the resonance structure with the largest number of disjoint aromatic π-sextets is the most important to characterize its chemical and physical properties. Such a resonance structure is called a Clar structure. In other words, a ...

  7. Electrophilic aromatic directing groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    The inductive and resonance properties compete with each other but the resonance effect dominates for purposes of directing the sites of reactivity. For nitration, for example, fluorine directs strongly to the para position because the ortho position is inductively deactivated (86% para , 13% ortho , 0.6% meta ).

  8. Cycloheptatriene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloheptatriene

    Cycloheptatriene (CHT) is an organic compound with the formula C 7 H 8.It is a closed ring of seven carbon atoms joined by three double bonds (as the name implies) and four single bonds.

  9. Methyl formate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_formate

    Methyl formate, also called methyl methanoate, is the methyl ester of formic acid. The simplest example of a carboxylate ester, it is a colorless liquid with an ethereal odour, high vapor pressure , and low surface tension .