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Phytophthora (from Greek φυτόν (phytón), "plant" and φθορά (phthorá), "destruction"; "the plant-destroyer") is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes (water molds), whose member species cause economic losses on crops worldwide, as well as environmental damage in natural ecosystems. The cell wall of Phytophthora is made up of cellulose.
Plant disease triangle. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. [11] A disease triangle describes the basic factors required for plant diseases. These are the host plant, the pathogen, and the environment. Any one of these can be modified to control a disease. [12]
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Such diseases were originally thought to be caused by viruses, which, like phytoplasmas, require insect vectors and cannot be cultured. Viral and phytoplasmic infections share some symptoms. [ 5 ] In 1967, phytoplasmas were discovered in ultrathin sections of plant phloem tissue and were termed mycoplasma-like organisms due to their ...
Rickettsia causes diseases in animals, such as typhus and spotted fever, [2] as well as in other plants, such as phony disease of peach and almond leaf scorch. [3] Papaya Bunchy Top is found throughout the American tropics and has been economically important due to its major impact on fruit production. [4]
The Phytophthora group is a paraphyletic genus that causes diseases such as dieback, late blight in potatoes (the cause of the Great Famine of the 1840s that ravaged Ireland and other parts of Europe), [15] sudden oak death, rhododendron root rot, and ink disease in the European chestnut [16]
They typically develop within plant cells, causing the infected tissue to grow into a gall or scab. Important diseases caused by phytomyxeans include club root in cabbage and its relatives, and powdery scab in potatoes. [4] These are caused by species of Plasmodiophora and Spongospora, respectively. [5]
Diagnosis of the cause of a physiological disorder (or disease) can be difficult, but there are many web-based guides that may assist with this. Examples are: Abiotic plant disorders: Symptoms, signs and solutions; [1] Georgia Corn Diagnostic Guide; [2] Diagnosing Plant Problems (Kentucky); [3] and Diagnosing Plant Problems (Virginia). [4 ...