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Async methods usually return either void, Task, Task<T>, [13]: 35 [16]: 546–547 [1]: 22, 182 ValueTask or ValueTask<T>. [ 13 ] : 651–652 [ 1 ] : 182–184 User code can define custom types that async methods can return through custom async method builders but this is an advanced and rare scenario. [ 17 ]
Asynchronous Tasks can be awaited in the Main method by declaring the method's return type as Task. static async Task Main ( string [] args ) { await DoWorkAsync ( 42 ); } All the combinations of Task , or Task<int>, and with, or without, the string[] args parameter are supported.
class MyClass {private double val = 0.0; void doSomething {val = 1.0;} void doSomethingElse {val = 2.0;}} The class is dangerous in a multithreading scenario because both methods can be called simultaneously, so the value of val (which is not atomic—it's updated in multiple steps) could be undefined—a classic race condition.
.NET via Tasks C#, since .NET Framework 4.5, [22] via the keywords async and await [23] Kotlin, however kotlin.native.concurrent.Future is only usually used when writing Kotlin that is intended to run natively [35] Nim; Oxygene; Oz version 3 [36] Python concurrent.futures, since 3.2, [37] as proposed by the PEP 3148, and Python 3.5 added async ...
In multithreaded computer programming, asynchronous method invocation (AMI), also known as asynchronous method calls or the asynchronous pattern is a design pattern in which the call site is not blocked while waiting for the called code to finish. Instead, the calling thread is notified when the reply arrives.
With .NET Framework 4.0, a new task-based programming model was introduced to replace the existing event-based asynchronous model. The API is based around the Task and Task<T> classes. Tasks can be composed and chained. By convention, every method that returns a Task should have its name postfixed with Async.
Java—thread class or Runnable interface; Julia—"concurrent programming primitives: Tasks, async-wait, Channels." [15] JavaScript—via web workers, in a browser environment, promises, and callbacks. JoCaml—concurrent and distributed channel based, extension of OCaml, implements the join-calculus of processes
In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.