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The smallest known mitochondrial genome is that of Plasmodium falciparum, with a genome size of 6kb containing three protein-coding genes and a few rRNA genes. (On the other hand, the largest known mitochondrial genome is 490kb. [18]) Genomes nearly as small can be found in related apicomplexans as well. [19]
With a mass of approximately 1.95 grams (0.069 oz) and a length of 5.5 centimetres (2.2 inches), the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) is the smallest known dinosaur as well as the smallest bird species, and the smallest warm-blooded vertebrate. Called the zunzuncito in its native habitat on Cuba, it is lighter than a Canadian or U.S. penny.
At the time of its sequencing, C. ruddii was thought to have the smallest genome of any characterized bacterial species. [8] Nasuia deltocephalinicola is now considered to have the known smallest bacterial genome (112kb). [9] C. ruddii and related species appear to be actively undergoing gene loss. [10]
Diameter of a carbon nanotube [12] Diameter of smallest transistor gate (as of 2016) [13] 2 nm Diameter of the DNA helix [14] 2.5 nm Smallest microprocessor transistor gate oxide thickness (as of January 2007) [citation needed] 3.4 nm Length of a DNA turn (10 bp) [15] 6–10 nm Thickness of cell membrane: 10 −8: 10 nm: 10 nm
Genome size ranges (in base pairs) of various life forms. Genome size is the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a single complete genome.It is typically measured in terms of mass in picograms (trillionths or 10 −12 of a gram, abbreviated pg) or less frequently in daltons, or as the total number of nucleotide base pairs, usually in megabases (millions of base pairs, abbreviated ...
In comparison, the genomes of the smallest known viruses capable of causing an infection by themselves are around 2,000 nucleotides long. [ 88 ] In 1976, Sanger et al. [ 89 ] presented evidence that potato spindle tuber viroid is a "single-stranded, covalently closed, circular RNA molecule, existing as a highly base-paired rod-like structure ...
Lithium tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP or harpoon base) Other strong non-nucleophilic bases are sodium hydride and potassium hydride. These compounds are dense, salt-like materials that are insoluble and operate by surface reactions. Some reagents are of high basicity (pK a of conjugate acid around 17) but of modest but not negligible ...
The standard rheobase definition assumes that a given cell does not spike when a current is not injected. However, some cells are spontaneously spiking (e.g. Cardiac pacemaker cells). For such cells, a negative (inhibitory) current will quiet them, while a slightly less negative current will result in action potentials. In such cases ...