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For example 150,000,000 (one hundred and fifty million) rupees is written as "fifteen crore rupees", "₹ 15 crore". [1] In the abbreviated form, usage such as "₹ 15 cr" is common. [3] Trillions (in the short scale) of money are often written or spoken of in terms of lakh crore. For example, one trillion rupees is equivalent to: ₹ 1 lakh ...
15% ( +10% in profits exceeding BR$ 20.000 ... 15% (highest rate) 8% (lowest rate) ... (federal standard deduction of 12550 USD for single taxpayers)
A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money.
For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. [2] Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes.
For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.
A reserve currency is a foreign currency that is held in significant quantities by central banks or other monetary authorities as part of their foreign exchange reserves. [citation needed] The reserve currency can be used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy.
"PPP conversion factor is a spatial price deflator and currency converter that eliminates the effects of the differences in price levels between countries." "Typically, higher income countries have higher price levels, while lower income countries have lower price levels ( Balassa–Samuelson effect ).
The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until around the start of the 21st century, when Pakistan's large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistan's central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness.