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  2. Falling weight deflectometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_weight_deflectometer

    A falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is a testing device used by civil engineers to evaluate the physical properties of pavement in highways, local roads, airport pavements, harbor areas, railway tracks and elsewhere. The data acquired from FWDs is primarily used to estimate pavement structural capacity, to facilitate overlay design or ...

  3. Moiré deflectometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiré_deflectometry

    Moiré deflectometry produces result that appears similar to an interferometry technique, [1] [2] in which the object to be tested (either phase object or specular surface) is mounted in the course of a collimated beam followed by a pair of transmission gratings placed at a distance from each other.

  4. Time-domain reflectometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-domain_reflectometer

    Time-domain reflectometer for cable fault detection. A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is an electronic instrument used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by observing reflected pulses.

  5. Pavement engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavement_engineering

    Another example is the use of a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to non-destructively test existing pavements. Calculation of pavement layer strengths can be performed from the resulting deflection data. The two methods - empirical or mechanistic is used to determine pavement layer thicknesses.

  6. Laser schlieren deflectometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_schlieren_deflectometry

    An experiment using Laser Schlieren Deflectometry (LSD) for temperature measurements in the argon plasma jet. Laser schlieren deflectometry (LSD) is a method for a high-speed measurement of the gas temperature in microscopic dimensions, in particular for temperature peaks under dynamic conditions at atmospheric pressure.

  7. HWD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HWD

    Heavy Weight Deflectometer, a model of pavement test device Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title HWD .

  8. Road surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface

    The physical properties of a stretch of pavement can be tested using a falling weight deflectometer. Several design methods have been developed to determine the thickness and composition of road surfaces required to carry predicted traffic loads for a given period of time. Pavement design methods are continuously evolving.

  9. Reflectron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectron

    An ion mirror (right) attached to a flight tube (left) of the reflectron. Voltages applied to a stack of metal plates create the electric field reflecting the ions back to the flight tube.