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  2. Shewhart individuals control chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewhart_individuals...

    Next, the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) for the individual values (or upper and lower natural process limits) are calculated by adding or subtracting 2.66 times the average moving range to the process average: = ¯ + ¯.

  3. Control chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_chart

    Control charts are graphical plots used in production control to determine whether quality and manufacturing processes are being controlled under stable conditions. (ISO 7870-1) [1] The hourly status is arranged on the graph, and the occurrence of abnormalities is judged based on the presence of data that differs from the conventional trend or deviates from the control limit line.

  4. Process window index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_Window_Index

    The control limits are set at three standard deviations on either side of the process mean, and are known as the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) respectively. [2] If the process data plotted on the control chart remains within the control limits over an extended period, then the process is said to be stable. [2] [3]

  5. Carrying capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacity

    It had become a staple term in ecology used to define the biological limits of a natural system related to population size in the 1950s. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Neo-Malthusians and eugenicists popularised the use of the words to describe the number of people the Earth can support in the 1950s, [ 9 ] although American biostatisticians Raymond Pearl and ...

  6. Natural process variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_process_variation

    The importance of knowing the natural process variation becomes clear when we apply statistical process control. In a stable process, the mean is on target; in the example, the target is the filling, set to 1 litre. The variation within the upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL) is considered the natural variation of the process.

  7. Biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology

    Life arose from the Earth's first ocean, which formed some 3.8 billion years ago. [33] Since then, water continues to be the most abundant molecule in every organism. Water is important to life because it is an effective solvent, capable of dissolving solutes such as sodium and chloride ions or other small molecules to form an aqueous solution.

  8. Statistical process control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_process_control

    A more sophisticated SPC chart may include "control limit" & "spec limit" % lines to indicate whether/what action should be taken. Statistical process control (SPC) or statistical quality control (SQC) is the application of statistical methods to monitor and control the quality of a production process. This helps to ensure that the process ...

  9. Balance of nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_nature

    The balance of nature, also known as ecological balance, is a theory that proposes that ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium or homeostasis, which is to say that a small change (the size of a particular population, for example) will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter back to its original "point of balance" with the rest of the system.