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Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI, ATC code M09AX02 ()) is a biomedical treatment that repairs damages in articular cartilage.ACI provides pain relief while at the same time slowing down the progression or considerably delaying partial or total joint replacement (knee replacement) surgery.
In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone) leads to short term pain relief that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [5] Injections of hyaluronic acid have not produced improvement compared to placebo for knee arthritis, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] but did increase risk of further pain. [ 6 ]
Osteoarthritis is a common condition of cartilage failure that can lead to limited range of motion, bone damage and invariably, pain. Due to a combination of acute stress and chronic fatigue, osteoarthritis directly manifests itself in a wearing away of the articular surface and, in extreme cases, bone can be exposed in the joint.
Marrow-nucleated cells are used every day in regenerative orthopedics. The knee microfracture surgery technique relies on the release of these cells into a cartilage lesion to initiate fibrocartilage repair in osteochondral defects. [13] In addition, this cell population has also been shown to assist in the repair of non-union fractures. [14]
Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMC OA) is, also known as osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb, thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, basilar (or basal) joint arthritis, or as rhizarthrosis. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This joint is formed by the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone of the thumb.
In this stage there are two surgical treatment options; total wrist arthroplasty and total wrist arthrodesis. Total wrist arthrodesis is the standard surgical treatment for patients with stage IV wrist osteoarthritis. During this procedure the carpal bones are all fused together and are then fastened to the distal radius. [14]
A 2017 review described the evidence as moderate for knee osteoarthritis. [15] A 2016 review found benefit but there was a moderate degree of variability between trials and risk of bias. [ 16 ] In 2019, the American College of Rheumatology recommended against prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis.
Unlike pharmacological treatments which are administered locally or systemically as a series of interventions, gene therapy aims to establish sustained therapeutic effect after a single, local injection. [1] The main risk factors for osteoarthritis are age [2] [3] and body mass index, [4] [3] as such, OA is predominantly considered a disease of ...