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The elimination half-life of cetirizine ranges from 6.5 to 10 hours in healthy adults, with a mean across studies of approximately 8.3 hours. [3] [2] The elimination half-life of cetirizine is increased in the elderly (to 12 hours), in hepatic impairment (to 14 hours), and in renal impairment (to 20 hours). [2]
Even if children have more nightmares than adults, only 1% of children meet the criteria of the disorder. [10] Nightmare disorder can impair the quality of life for people who are affected by the condition. It can make the patient avoid sleep, which leads to sleep deprivation, which in turn may lead to even more intense nightmares.
Recent research from the United Kingdom suggests that the onset of graphic nightmares and hallucinations, or 'daymares,' could be a sign of autoimmune conditions developing or flaring up.
Dementia, however, can present early in its disease course with depressive symptoms, meaning that this association could actually be reflecting that dementia causes late life depression. [23] Studies that have directly tried to determine whether depression is an independent risk factor for dementia have led to inconclusive results.
Nightmares can be exhausting and may feel like a hopeless situation when peaceful sleep is always under threat — but there are steps you can take to help tame the dream beast.
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Although the symptoms of night terrors in adolescents and adults are similar, the cause, prognosis, and treatment of symptoms are qualitatively different. These night terrors can occur each night if the individual does not eat a proper diet, get the appropriate amount or quality of sleep (e.g., sleep apnea ), well endure stressful events, and ...
Although anxiety can temporarily increase as a withdrawal symptom, there is evidence that a reduction or withdrawal from benzodiazepines can lead to a reduction of anxiety symptoms in the long run. [4] [5] Due to these increasing physical and mental symptoms from long-term use of benzodiazepines, slow withdrawal is recommended for long-term users.