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It is often difficult for children to describe their hallucinations or delusions, making very early-onset [19] schizophrenia especially difficult to diagnose in the earliest stages. The cognitive abilities of children with schizophrenia may also often be lacking, with 20% of patients showing borderline or full intellectual disability. [20]
To make a diagnosis of schizophrenia other possible causes of psychosis need to be excluded. [176]: 858 Psychotic symptoms lasting less than a month may be diagnosed as brief psychotic disorder, or as schizophreniform disorder. Psychosis is noted in Other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders as a DSM-5 category.
In other words, an individual does not have to be experiencing delusions or hallucinations to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. A second symptom could be negative symptoms, or severely disorganized or catatonic behavior. [5] Only two symptoms are required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, resulting in different presentations for the same ...
The early idea that a person with schizophrenia might present solely with symptoms and indications of deterioration (i.e. presenting with no accessory symptoms [18] [19]) was identified as dementia simplex. [20] ICD-10 specifies the continuation of symptoms for a period of two years in the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia.
Paraphrenia is often associated with a physical change in the brain, such as a tumor, stroke, ventricular enlargement, or neurodegenerative process. [4] Research that reviewed the relationship between organic brain lesions and the development of delusions suggested that "brain lesions which lead to subcortical dysfunction could produce delusions when elaborated by an intact cortex".
Diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria, which consist principally of the presence of symptoms of schizophrenia, mania, and depression, and the temporal relationships between them. The main current treatment is antipsychotic medication combined with either or both of mood stabilizers and antidepressants. There is ...